Literacy is the ability of a person to meaningfully read and write simple texts in their native language. This elementary skill underlies the full development of the personality. Unfortunately, today high technologies coexist with extremely low levels of education in some countries. According to UNESCO, about 800 million adults in the world cannot read and write. To draw public attention to the problem, the International Literacy Day was established.
In September 1965, the World Conference of Ministers of Education was held in Tehran at the initiative of UNESCO. Its main theme was the problem of eliminating illiteracy. One of the main points of the final resolution of the conference recommended the introduction of a new international holiday - Literacy Day. Since 1966, it has been celebrated on a specific day - September 8th.
The main celebrations are organized and conducted by UNESCO. Traditionally, each Literacy Day has a special theme that reflects one of the functions of basic education in the life of a person and society. So, in 2003 the holiday was held under the motto "Literacy is freedom". The slogan reminded that only an educated person can fully live in modern society, enjoy all the benefits of civilization. In 2008, the main theme of the International Day was the influence of the level of literacy on the prevention and treatment of various diseases (“Literacy is the best medicine”). The 2009 events discussed the importance of basic education for social development and international cooperation (“Literacy is power”). The theme for 2012 was the link between literacy and the peaceful coexistence of different cultures (Literacy and Peace).
Within the framework of International Literacy Day, special UNESCO awards are being presented for contributions to the dissemination of writing and reading skills - the King Sejong and Confucius Prizes. The first is funded by the government of the Republic of Korea, the second - by the Chinese authorities. They are received by activists who implement the most striking and effective national and international programs to eradicate illiteracy. For example, the King Sejong Prize has been awarded to projects by the National Literacy Service of Burundi and the National Institute for Adult Education in Mexico. The Confucius Prize was awarded to the American educational program "Reading Room" operating in India, Cambodia, Bangladesh and other countries with low levels of general education. The decision on the award is made by the specialized commissions of UNESCO based on a thorough analysis of the project. The winners will receive commemorative diplomas and cash prizes. The awards ceremony opens the gala events and is often broadcast on television and on the Internet.
At the headquarters of UNESCO, scientific and practical events are held on the issues of overcoming illiteracy: conferences, round tables, seminars, etc. They are attended by representatives of international educational organizations, research institutes, public structures, politicians, teachers, etc. They bring their own projects to the attention of colleagues, share practical experience and achievements. For example, in 2009, a meeting of linguists took place, translating a series of books about Harry Potter into different languages of the world. The main event of Literacy Day 2010 was the opening of a new UNESCO network for the exchange of knowledge and innovation.
Every year, on 8 September, the UN Secretary-General and the Director-General of UNESCO publish a special message dedicated to International Literacy Day. Addressing the heads of state, educational organizations and individuals, they urge everyone to make a contribution to the spread of the culture of reading and writing. UN leaders also participate in the celebrations to express their gratitude to anti-illiteracy activists.
In Russia, many people know and remember about this holiday. On September 8, most schools, higher and secondary specialized educational institutions hold quizzes, olympiads in the Russian language and literature, thematic contests and KVN games. Library staff organize book exhibitions dedicated to the history of the holiday and the national peculiarities of the language. In some cities, youth activists distribute leaflets in an accessible form telling about the importance of knowledge and adherence to the rules of speech. Of course, the initiatives of Russians are not limited to these examples. As the popularity of Literacy Day grows, the tradition of celebrating it is developing.
