The 8th March holiday arose about one and a half centuries ago. At first, this day was not at all bright and joyful. Quite the opposite - on this day, actions of fighters for women's equality were usually held.
How it all started
When modern European and American girls enter universities and academies, it does not even occur to them that it was almost impossible just a century and a half ago. It was extremely difficult for a woman to realize herself in science or art. There was no talk at all about participating in the elections. At the same time, the rapid development of industry led to the widespread use of female labor in many enterprises. This was beneficial to industrialists, since women were paid for the same work many times less than men. Naturally, this aroused the discontent of the female workers and led to mass demonstrations. One such protest was held in New York on March 8, 1857. Workers of garment and shoe factories took part in it. Participants in the demonstration demanded a 10-hour working day, equal pay for equal work, and compliance with safety rules. After this action, women's trade union organizations began to appear in economically developed countries.
Copenhagen Women's Conference
An important stage in the struggle of women for equality was the International Women's Conference, which took place in 1910 in Copenhagen. It was there that the German revolutionary Clara Zetkin proposed making March 8 a day of solidarity for women in the fight for their rights. A year later, in several cities in Germany, Denmark, Austria and Switzerland, mass demonstrations took place, the participants of which demanded equal rights for women. This concerned not only the right to work and equal pay, but also the right to vote. The actions took place on March 19, 1911. Two years later, this day began to be celebrated in Russia. It should be noted that not only women, but also men took part in the protest actions. The most serious performance of working women in Russia took place in St. Petersburg in 1917.
In Soviet Union
Great importance was attached to the International Women's Day in the Soviet Union. Despite the fact that the Soviet regime recognized the equality of women, the fighters for the communist future had to overcome strong resistance. But women quickly appreciated the opportunities presented to them to study, master the professions they liked, and actively participate in public life. In the Soviet Union that day there were no more demonstrations, but solemn meetings and concerts were held, and the best workers were presented with awards. This day became a day off in the 60s. In European countries, the struggle for equality continued until the second half of the last century, and on this day, demonstrations and other protests are usually held.
In modern Russia and in the world
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, some Soviet holidays also disappeared. However, this did not affect International Women's Day. The holiday has not disappeared, although its content has changed. The fact is that even before the establishment of the International for the solidarity of working women, many peoples of Europe had holidays associated with the goddess of fertility. The modern holiday has superimposed on an ancient tradition, and now March 8 is celebrated simply as a women's day, when you can congratulate your mother or beloved. In some European countries, March 8 continues to be celebrated as the day of the struggle for women's rights.
